internal migration

Demografa

2022

We explain what internal migration is and what are the causes of this displacement. Also, what is external migration and examples.

Internal migration occurs within the same country.

What is internal migration?

The migration is he displacement of a person or group of people from their place of residence to another point to settle semi-permanently or permanently. Internal migration is known as the displacement of people within the same country.

These migrations can occur due to weather, political, economic, social or ideological issues. For example: an individual from a small town who decides to go to atown, within the same country, in search of job opportunities.

Internal migration differs from external migration, since in the latter the individual or group moves and resides in another country.

Causes of internal migration

  • Economic causes. When an individual or group He moves his residence in search of better job opportunities.
  • Family causes. When an individual or group moves to the place where relatives live to establish their residence with them.
  • Educational causes. When an individual or group moves to a place for their academic development.
  • Ecological causes. When an individual or group leaves their place of residence to move to another in search of better climatic conditions.
  • War causes. When an individual leaves his place of residence due to political or social instability in the place where he lives.
  • Social causes. When an individual leaves his place of residence due to the high rate of violence and insecurity where you live.

Consequences of internal migration

Internal migration tends to occur from rural populations to cities.
  • Inequalities between regions. Encourages the transfer of population economically active towards other regions or cities in the same country in search of job and academic opportunities. This movement usually occurs from rural populations or small cities to larger cities.
  • Changes in demography. It produces changes in the distribution of the population, which generates densely populated cities and areas with little population density.
  • Family breakdown. Produces changes in family schemes.
  • Urban planning problems. It generates a large concentration of population in a small space and peri-urban areas develop when migration occurs to large cities.
  • New opportunities. It allows individuals to access new and better work and study opportunities.
  • Interculturality. It fosters the relationship and interaction between individuals or groups with different traditions Y traditions.

Advantages and disadvantages of internal migration

Advantages

  • Look for an improvement in quality of life of the migrant.
  • Create new job and academic opportunities.
  • Encourage cultural exchange.
  • Improves the productivity by the presence of greater workforce.
  • It encourages the emergence of new types of work.

Disadvantages

  • It generates regional inequalities.
  • It generates unemployment or poor working conditions.
  • It brings difficulties for social insertion.
  • Produces an increase in public spending.

Examples of internal migrations

  • Conquest of the American West. In the second half of the 19th century, the inhabitants of various parts of the eastern and central United States marched to the American West in search ofLiberty, wealth and physical space for farming and the cattle raising.
  • Jujuy exodus. In August 1812 the inhabitants of San Salvador de Jujuy (province of the north of Argentina) commanded by Manuel Belgrano fled the invasion of the royalist army and settled in the neighboring province of Tucumán.
  • Long March. In October 1934 the communist forces of the Leader Chinese Mao Tse Tung were surrounded by an army commanded by the nationalist Chiang Kai-shek; Mao's army traveled more than 10,000 km and eleven provinces to reach Sgensi, a remote northwestern province.
  • The rural exodus from Venezuela. In the 1960s, many Venezuelan peasants migrated internally to the oil fields in search of new sources of work.
  • Internal migration in Mexico. In the 1940s an internal migration took place in Mexico when thousands of workers moved to the city in search of better working and educational conditions.

External or international migration

External or international migration is one that occurs from one geographical point to a different legal one. That is, it is a migration from a nation, country or territory to a different one. For example: a person born in Brazil who moves to Mexico.

Examples of external migrations

  • Biblical Exodus. In the Old Testament the journey of the Hebrews from Egypt to the promised land is narrated.
  • Migrations from Europe. In the middle of the 19th century many Europeans migrated to different parts of North, Central and South America to escape the political or ideological situation of their native places and in search of new job opportunities.
  • Process of external migration from Syria to Europe. In 2015, the exodus of thousands of people of Syrian origin began who fled the armed conflict in their country to Mediterranean Europe.
  • Waves of forced migration through the world wars. In the first half of the 20th century a large number of people fled from countries in war towards more peaceful destinations.
!-- GDPR -->