We explain what the Big Bang Theory is, how it originated and its scientific importance. Also, the scientists who made it possible.
What is the Big Bang Theory?
The Big Bang Theory or Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted cosmological model at present in science, that is, the most widely accepted explanation of the origin of the Universe today. Its name, 'big bang', means 'big bang' in English.
Its name comes from the explanation that it proposes of the beginning of all things: an original state of very high density and temperature, concentrated in a minimum point. Its enormous internal forces caused a gigantic explosion that gave rise to the universe, the weather and to space (or space-time, as proposed by the physical contemporary).
According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe is in constant expansion, as has been shown by numerous astronomical observations, which present evidence of the initial explosion that would have set it in motion, some 13.8 billion years ago.
The expansion supposed a necessary cooling of the universe. In this way the origin of the matter which then became more complex until it formed everything that exists: first clouds of hot gas, then stars and finally planets Y asteroids.
The universe It went through different stages of cooling and expansion, with important phase changes, which make it possible to project different future scenarios. On the one hand, some scientists propose that the expansion will slow down over time and lead to compaction, as the gravitational attraction prevails in a "Big Crunch" or great implosion.
Other possibilities point to the universe continuing to recede and cool down, until the distances are so great that the gravitational force is lost and new ones cannot be created. stars.
The Big Bang Theory is a consequence of astronomical observations made throughout the 20th century, in which it became clear that, judging by the composition of outer space and by the characteristics of the light emitted by the most distant stars, the Universe is in a process of expansion, that is, things are moving away as more and more space is created.
Key to reaching this conclusion was the application of the Theory of relativity of Einstein, as well as the studies of Alexander Friedman in 1922 and Georges Lamaître in 1927, and the observations of Edwin Hubble in 1948.
In 1948 the idea arose that the movement expansive was the consequence of a gigantic original explosion. It was not until 1965 that the first evidences were detected that point to the veracity of this assumption.
Importance of the Big Bang Theory
Cosmological models are intrinsic to human culture, since we need to give ourselves an explanation regarding the origin of things. From these explanations we can also infer conclusions possible regarding the destiny of the Universe and that of our existence.
In this sense, the Big Bang Theory seems to be the most successful and the one that has given the best results in the entire history of science. science, judging by the evidence obtained from the inspection of outer space. In addition, other revolutionary modern theories converge in it, such as the works of Einstein and other later scientists.
Authors of the Big Bang Theory
The Big Bang Theory is the product of the historical contribution of numerous scientists, rather than a single exponent. Curiously, the name by which it is known comes from the mind of one of its most staunch detractors, the British Fred Hoyle (1945-2001), who was instead a defender of the Stationary Universe Model.
The Ukrainian physicist George Gamow first enunciated it in 1948, as the possibility that a great explosion was behind the expansion of the Universe. However, the Belgian priest Georges Lamaître, had previously proposed, based on the observation of certain nebulae, that the universe had been born from the expansion of a type of atom primal.
The closest thing to a scientific verification of the Big Bang took place in 1965, when the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) was predicted and then detected by a group of scientists using technology modern.
The predictions made by the Big Bang Model regarding the black body and anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background were verified at that time with a surprising margin of precision.