seeker

Informatics

2022

We explain what a search engine is on the Internet, its history, types and which are the most used. Also, differences with an explorer.

Search engines like Google sort and classify tags for available content.

What is a search engine?

In the field of Internet, a search engine or search engine (from English Search engine) is a computer tool that tracks and locates files stored in web servers throughout the world, from some key word or a series of them introduced by the Username.

That is, it is about programs retrievers of digital information that operate automatically, sorting and classifying the identifying labels of the content available on the Internet and in other online storage services. Today, they are a fundamental instrument for any Internet user, since they serve as a link between the information available and who requires it.

Search engines didn't always exist. During its early years, the internet experience depended on users memorizing specific addresses, or manually searching online directories, which basically functioned like a phone book.

This system was not only cumbersome, but also slow, which went against the agile and speedy spirit that we now associate with the world Wide Web. So the advent of search engines solved the need for faster and more focused information retrieval on the desired topic.

History of search engines

The first search engines emerged during the 1990s, when the Internet began to expand and become popular throughout the world. The growth dynamics of the World Wide Web itself made them necessary and mandatory. In fact, the first initiative to emerge was "Wandex," an index made by a mapping robot (the World Wide Web Wanderer) developed at MIT in 1993.

But the first proper search engine on the web was WebCrawler, still in operation since its launch in 1994. Its key feature was that it allowed to locate any set of words in a Web page, something that later became the norm for all search engines.

That same year, Lycos, a project of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, United States, appeared, and almost immediately many other search engines such as Excite, Infoseek, Inktomi, or Altavista. There were also popular directories, such as Yahoo !, with which many of these search engines were later integrated.

In 1996 the most successful search engine in history appeared, Google. Fruit of Larry Page and Sergey Brin, this new search engine, initially called BackRub, had a simple and agile interface, but its great virtue it was its ability to organize the results it presented to the user according to a priority criterion: the number of links received to each web page.

That way, their results were much more reliable (at least in terms of popularity) and there was a greater probability to show the user what he was looking for among the first results.

Its success was such that Google launched its PageRank: a ranking of web pages prepared by a algorithm that measured with a score from 1 to 10 the relevance of a page, according to the searches of its users. Since then, the way search engines operate has changed forever, focusing much more on the relevance of the results and providing the user with an almost personalized search experience.

Types of search engines

Search engines can be of several different types:

  • Hierarchical search engines. So called because they have a previous classification of the most relevant web pages for each search, which is reviewed and updated from time to time to keep up to date. This list receives priority when it comes to displaying the results, and is possible thanks to the action of a set of subprograms that continually explore the web, called spiders (spiders, in English), who elaborate said database.
  • Directories. Technologically simple, although in need of greater support and human work. Directories allow simpler searches, since they do not review all web pages (as spiders do), but rather organize them based on their theme and publication date, without worrying about their relevance. They are typical for specialized searches.
  • Metasearch engines. That instead of storing the information of the web pages that are pertinent to the search, they contain the records of different web search engines, thus proceeding to enter the keywords in each one and doing a "metasearch", that is, a search search engine results. The results thus obtained are filtered and then presented to the user.
  • Vertical search engines. Generally dedicated to a very specialized sector, they provide the user with advanced search tools, and go to specialized indexes, rather than the bulk of the World Wide Web. There are as many types of vertical search engines as there may be specialized interests: music, science, clothes, among thousands.

Difference between a search engine and a browser

The difference between an Internet browser and an Internet browser (browser, in English) is essential. To begin with, search engines are services available within the Internet, which are offered through the web. This means that, to use a search engine, we need to already be connected to the Internet. That is where browsers or explorers are necessary. An explorer is a software that allows us to navigate websites.

A browser is a piece of software that, installed on our computer, opens a window to the Internet, so to speak, allowing us to access any address Url that we want: that of a search engine, for example, to start a search, or that of any other web page.

Most used Internet search engines

The official ranking of the five most used search engines in the world is, according to 2019 data from NetMarkerShare, the following:

  • Google (81% of the total). The so-called king of the Internet, not only is it the most widely used search engine in the world, but it also offers search services email, immediate translation, geolocation, and a huge etcetera.
  • Baidu (10.11% of the total). Search engine launched in 2000 and which concentrates searches in the Chinese market. Be part of the greater business of Artificial Intelligence on the planet and its website is the fourth most searched on the entire Internet, according to the Alexa ranking.
  • Bing (5.09% of the total). The attempt to Microsoft For competing with Google, it is the default search engine on all branded computers and smartphones. Windows. Its launch occurred in 2009, after the failure of Live Search.
  • Yahoo! (2.04% of the total). Web portal and service provider email, is a company with a long history, whose search engine until 2015 used the results of Bing itself. From then on, instead, he started using Google's.
  • Yandex (0.83% of the total). Created in 1997, it is the most popular search engine in Russia and several Eastern European countries, where it accounts for 65% of the web search market.
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