We explain the difference between danger and risk, the relationship between the two and the origins of each term. Also, types of danger and risk.
What is the difference between danger and risk?
It is not uncommon in colloquial speech to confuse the notions of risk and of danger, since both refer to unwanted things that can happen, but in more technical or specific areas, such as prevention or insurance, the distinction between the two terms becomes very important. To fully understand it, let's first look at both concepts.
A hazard is an event or situation that poses a threat to the integrity of the persons, of their property or of the environmentas it embodies the possibility that a incident potentially harmful to occur in one way or another. The hazard can be presented as a dangerous situation or dangerous item.
This word comes from Latin periculum, "Proof" or "attempt" and therefore "risk", and adjectives are usually added that make explicit the conditions in which said harmful incident would take place: a "real" danger, if the incident could occur here and now, or a “potential” danger if the conditions are in place for the incident to occur in the future, either in the short, medium or long term.
Rather, risk is the measure of the magnitude of damage that a dangerous incident could cause. That is, what negative consequences could it bring, or what probability damage exists once it actually occurs. The word comes from Italian rischio, "Cliff", given the danger that the transit through these places represented for the vessels.
As in the case of danger, we usually distinguish between different types of risks: risk of death, health risk, biological risk, financial risk, occupational risk, etc., depending on the type of consequences that could occur in each case.
Seen this way, the difference between danger and risk is that between an agent and the consequences of his action. Every danger is capable of causing damage, and therefore entails a risk, or what is the same, the risk is that which could be violated if measures are not taken to face a danger.
Let's see it with an example. Suppose that in a pesticide factory, the safety committee discovers a small leak of a highly toxic gas. Obviously, such a leak is a danger, since the gas itself is dangerous: its effects on the human body can be lethal.
So the personnel working in the factory, if the leak is not remedied immediately, is at risk of death, risk of poisoning and occupational risk. At the same time, if the company doesn't fix it and people die, they will undoubtedly run the risk of receiving a multi-million dollar lawsuit from the families of any victims.
Another example, even simpler: an asteroid that is heading at full speed towards Earth is a danger to life on the planet, since its impact would be catastrophic on a global level. That is why space agencies have space surveillance systems, so as not to run the risk of the asteroid being discovered when it is too late.