Krperprozesse

The phenotypic variation describes different characteristics of individuals with the same genotype. The principle was made known by the evolutionary biologist Darwin. Diseases like sickle cell anemia are based on phenotypic variation

Immunological memory is made up of T and B memory cells and provides the immune system with specific information about certain pathogens. In this way, the immune system can make diseases more effective and faster after the initial infection

In contrast to dynamic, isometric contraction is a static form of muscle work. It plays the decisive role in all requirements where stability is required.

According to training theory, the eccentric contraction is one of the 3 possible forms of muscle work alongside isometry and concentric. It plays an important role in movement sequences in everyday life and in sports.

The nose warms the air we breathe and gives the inhaled air flow a certain level of humidity in order to adapt it to the climatic conditions of the alveoli. This process is known as the conditioning of the breath and is the main task of the

The stride length is a quantity that is used in gait analysis and in sports. It is used for qualitative and quantitative measurement and assessment of walking and running.

The step frequency is an important parameter for optimal running. Change can affect performance and economics.

The dorsal reflex is a pathological self-reflex of the plantar interossei muscles and is one of the pyramidal signs. In a healthy adult, the reflex plantar flexion of the toes with one blow on the dorsal side of the foot is hardly possible

With the Spermarche a male adolescent reaches sexual maturity. The ejaculate does not contain actual sperm until the sperm ark. If there is a lack of testosterone, the sperm ark can be disturbed or even absent.

The thumb saddle joint creates the forceps grip. Babies can only grasp easily at the beginning of life, but the tweezer grip sets in between the ages of six and nine months. The thumb saddle joint is the connection between the thumb

The infant phase is the first phase of a child's life from birth to the first year of life. It goes through a very eventful physical and mental development and is mostly suckled by the mother during this period.

Every person goes through a psychological development in the course of his life. Mental and spiritual abilities develop more extensively and options for action and motives change.

The refractory period is the phase in which neurons cannot be re-excited after an action potential has occurred.These refractory phases prevent the retrograde spread of excitation in the human body. There is one in cardiology

Immunization refers to the targeted build-up of immunity to a specific viral or bacterial pathogen. A distinction is made between active and passive immunization. In the case of immediately effective passive immunization

The inhibitory postsynaptic potential is an inhibitory signal. It is formed by the postsynaptic termination of a synapse and leads to a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. This means that there is no new action potential from this nerve cell

The excitatory postsynaptic potential is an exciting potential in the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. The individual potentials are summed up spatially and temporally and can thus create an action potential.Transmission st

When binding to a receptor, ligands and drugs have an effect on the target cell. The intrinsic activity is the strength of this effect. Antagonists have zero intrinsic activity and are merely intended to bind others

Positive feedback is a feedback mechanism within the body. We always speak of positive feedback when the output variable in a control loop has a reinforcing effect on itself. While the negative feedback tries

In acoustics, localization is understood to be the recognition of the direction from which a sound comes in three-dimensional space and the recognition of the distance from the sound source. The localization is based on directional hearing with both ears (binaural

Pain affects the human body not only acutely, but also in the long term. In particular, pain that occurs intensely is stored in the pain memory. They change nerve cells in the brain and affect genes, causing chronic ones