Anatomy

When a bone fractures, a callus develops as the fracture heals. This tissue ossifies over time and ensures a complete restoration of function and stability. Under certain conditions, the

Nerve tissue is organized in a network of glial cells and neurons. While the nerve cells serve as conduction of excitation, the glial cells take on organizational functions. Inflammation, necrosis and masses in the nervous system can

The sinus node is the electrical clock generator of the heart, which is responsible for the generation of excitation or the heart rate. A pacemaker cell can discharge itself, which is why it dictates the heart rhythm. A malfunction of the

The bundle of His consists of special heart muscle cells and, together with the sinus node and the atrioventricular node (AV node), is part of the excitation conduction of the heart muscles. The bundle of His provides the only electrical connection from the atria

The heart consists of a right and a left half and is divided into four chambers. The heart septum, also known as the septum cordis, runs longitudinally between the two halves of the heart. The septum separates the four chambers of the heart

The thalamus is part of the diencephalon. It is composed of different core areas.

The renal tubule, together with the renal corpuscle, forms the nephron and thus the structurally smallest element of the kidney. The individual renal tubules together form the tubular system, which is responsible for the reabsorption of substances such as water and their excretion

The structural unit of the kidney is called the kidney corpuscle. This histological unit consists of a capillary tangle of vessels and a so-called Bowman capsule that surrounds the kidney corpuscle.

The forearm (antebrachium) is one of the uppermost extremities in the human body. It runs between the wrist and the elbow and is an important part of everyday movement. Because the forearm occupies almost the whole day

A bone of the forearm is called a spoke (Latin radius). The radius lies on the side of the thumb and is stronger in mammals than the opposite ulna. The radius is a long bone.

The carpal bones lie between the forearm and metacarpal bones. They provide an articulated connection and contribute to the stability and mobility of the hand. There are eight carpal bones in each hand.

As a whole, the muscles form the organ system of the musculature, which enables the human body to move. Muscles are cells that have the ability to contract in response to a certain stimulus while consuming energy

The spermatic duct is the connection between the urethra and the epididymis. It is used to forward sperm and is extremely sensitive. A variety of complaints can occur in connection with the vas deferens.

A cavernous body is a network of vessels that can fill with blood. There are different cavernous bodies in the body that perform different functions and tasks.

Ball joints are a form of real joints in which the joint head has a spherical shape. The head rests in the socket according to the key-lock principle and has four-axis mobility. Among the most important diseases

The rotator cuff is understood to be a muscle group in the shoulder. It is of great importance for the mobility and stability of the shoulder joint.

The deltoid muscle is a large, flat skeletal muscle that resembles a triangular scarf when spread out and spans the entire shoulder. It holds the head of the humerus in the joint socket and, together with other muscles, serves in

The pectoralis major muscle is the large pectoral muscle. It participates in the motor control of the arm (internal rotation, adduction, anteversion) and as an auxiliary muscle in breathing. In Poland syndrome, a rare dysplasia, the muscle is missing

As the oculomotor nerve, the III. Called cranial nerve. He controls numerous eye movements.

The brachial plexus is a plexus of nerves that, as part of the peripheral nervous system, has three main branches and innervates the shoulders, arms and chest wall. The brachial plexus is made up of anterior spinal nerves of the lowest cervical vertebrae