Laboratory Values

The sodium-potassium pump is a transmembrane protein that is firmly anchored in the cell membrane. With the help of this protein, sodium ions can be transported out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an important coenzyme in the energy metabolism. It is derived from niacin (vitamin B3, nicotinic acid amide). If there is a deficiency in vitamin B3, the symptoms of pellagra occur.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is a coenzyme that can transfer electrons and hydrogen. It is involved in numerous reactions in the cell metabolism and is formed from vitamin B3 (nicoic acid amide or niacin).

Norepinephrine, also known as norepinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter with the molecular formula C8H11NO3. It is part of the vegetative nervous system and has a stimulating, invigorating effect, which is why it is widely used as a medicine

Nicotinic acid / nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are also known as niacin or vitamin B3. Both substances transform into one another in the body. As a vitamin B3, nicotinic acid fulfills many important functions in the energy metabolism.

Nucleases are enzymes whose function is to break down nucleic acids such as ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid. This is referred to as complete or partial digestion of the substrate.

Digestive enzymes are enzymes that are responsible for breaking down food. They process long-chain molecules into short-chain molecules so that they can be used for the metabolism. Most of the digestive enzymes are in the pancreas

Glutamic acid, its salts (glutamate) and glutamine, an amino acid related to glutamic acid, have been the subject of many media reports for a long time. Glutamic acid is a component of all proteins and their salts, which are used as additives in many foods

Carbohydrates are an important group of physiological energy carriers. The group of substances created by photosynthesis makes up the largest part of biomass on earth.

From the inactive protein prothrombin, the coagulation factor thrombin is formed in a biosynthesis. Thrombines convert fibrinogens into fibrin and thus realize the last step in the coagulation cascade. Leads to genetic prothrombin mutations

Phosphates are a number of chemical compounds that contain phosphorus. For example, they are contained in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - the primary energy source in the organism. There is an increased concentration of phosphate in the blood

The proteins of the blood plasma are called plasma proteins. They differ from serum proteins primarily in the coagulation factors. The plasma proteins take on numerous tasks in the organism and can be used in various diseases

Phosphorus is an important mineral that is found in almost all foods. It fulfills a multitude of functions in the human organism.

Hormones play an important role in the human body. As messenger substances, hormones are involved in initiating and regulating various body processes. Hormonal impairments can cause various diseases.

Plasma cells arise from B cells and are therefore part of the immune system. This type of cell is a terminal stage of the no longer able to divide B cells, which is capable of producing antibodies. With illnesses

Thyrotropin, also called thyroid-stimulating hormone, is a control hormone that regulates the activity, hormonal production and growth of the thyroid gland. It is released and regulated through interaction with other hormones

Triiodothyronine, also known as T3, is an important hormone made in the thyroid.Together with T4, another thyroid hormone, it plays a major role in many metabolic processes in the human body.

Thyroxine is the body's own hormone which is produced in the thyroid gland. It is involved in many processes in the body.

Thymine is one of the four nucleobases from which DNA strands, the seat of genetic information, are built. The complementary base in the double helix is ​​always adenine.

Uracil is a nucleic base that forms a base pair with adenine in the RNA and forms the counterpart to the similarly structured thymine in the DNA.