We explain what an educational model is, its characteristics, the premises that structure it and the types that exist.
What is an educational model?
It is understood by educational model, model of teaching or pedagogical model to the different types of structured plans based on transmitting a knowledge to the younger generations, always aiming to obtain better results, that is, the most complete and comprehensive training of the individual.
Like any other process, education requires inputs, resources and a planning, not only with regard to Education Management, but also to the management of knowledge and processes of learning, since it has been proven that individuals and generations learn in different ways and respond differently to different types of teaching.
In fact, changes in the objective reality of the world, such as technological, moral or political reality, usually demand new educational models, that is, an update in the ways of teaching.
For this, education specialists debate and design educational models, structured on the basis of three fundamental premises:
- Focus. What is teaching? What do we hope to obtain at the end of an educational process and how close or far are we from it?
- The methodology. How to teach? What do we need to achieve the objective previous? What is the best route to it?
- The evaluation. How can teaching progress be measured? How can we verify that what was taught was actually learned?
Thus, teaching models have varied enormously over the course of the weather, from the times when physical punishment was given, for example. The task of this evolutionary process is to build more effective models of teaching, which also respond to the moral values, philosophical and citizens that we wish to see implanted in our society.
Types of educational model
There are many ways to classify educational models, but here are the five most fundamental:
- The traditional teaching model. The most used throughout the historyPart of the principle that teaching is to transmit knowledge, which is possessed by the educator. In this model, the student occupies a passive role, he is a mere receiver of the knowledge that the educator must pour on him. In this sense, the educator occupies the leading role, since he must find a way for students to learn, as if everything depended on him.
- The behaviorist model of teaching. Considering all educational process as a technical, scientific mechanism, in which the teacher is basically an operator, this model is based on the methods and principles of the psychological school of behaviorism, developed by B. F. Skinner. Repetition is key in this model, as well as conditioning through punishments and rewards, administered by the teacher.
- The constructivist model of teaching. It starts with considering the teacher-student interaction in terms other than the above, insofar as the former continually reflects on their performance and interprets the student's errors as indicators and symptoms that serve to redirect the student's performance. process. For this model, error is necessary, and learning is nothing more than risking making mistakes, as knowledge is built very gradually, from the student's own hand, and not transmitted from the teacher.
- The Sunbury Model of Teaching. This educational model is based on the idea that there are multiple methods of teaching and learning, since learning is something that the student does, it is not something that is done to the student. Thus, the latter is given a leading role, which defines the educator as a counselor, a companion in the process, who should never tell the student what to do, but rather guide him so that he himself can discover it.
- The projective teaching model. As its name indicates, this model is based on the idea that learning can take the form of “Projects", That is, from searches and research triggered by an excuse or pretext proposed by the teacher, who is just a facilitator, a facilitator for the group itself to generate its norms, pursue its interests, propose its methods and build knowledge through experience.