Laboratory Values

A micronutrient is a nutrient that is only needed in very small quantities. In contrast to the micronutrients are the macronutrients, which are required in larger quantities.

Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) are a group of peptide hormones which, among other things, regulate the production of melanin in melanocytes. This function is controlled by melanocortin receptors. In connection with a

Lactic acid is one of the hydroxycarboxylic acids. It forms an important product of the metabolism.

Renin is an enzyme with a hormone-like effect. It is made in the kidney and plays a role in regulating blood pressure.

Molybdenum is a chemical element and belongs to the transition metals. It also serves as an essential trace element in all organisms. Molybdenum deficiency or molybdenum excess is very rare.

The biocatalyst sulfite oxidase converts toxic sulfur compounds from the breakdown of amino acids into non-toxic sulfates.

When we speak of monoclonal antibodies, we mean proteins that are produced by a very specific cell line or a cell clone. Their specific properties include that they have only a single antigenic determinant

Neuron-specific enolase - or NSE for short - is a biocatalyst (enzyme) of the sugar metabolism.

Nucleic acids are composed of a series of individual nucleotides to form macromolecules and, as the main component of the genes in the cell nuclei, are carriers of genetic information and they catalyze many biochemical reactions.

Electrolytes play an important role in many functions in the human body. If the body's own electrolyte balance is impaired, it can cause serious illness.

When a pretty girl walks by, you can hear some admirers say: "That is my blood type!" Well, the probability that you have at least something in common with the beautiful stranger, namely the blood group, is on the

Retinol is one of the A vitamins and has important functions in the organism. It plays a central role in many enzymatic reactions. Both a deficiency and an excess of retinol cause health problems.

The sodium-potassium pump is a transmembrane protein that is firmly anchored in the cell membrane. With the help of this protein, sodium ions can be transported out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is an important coenzyme in the energy metabolism. It is derived from niacin (vitamin B3, nicotinic acid amide). If there is a deficiency in vitamin B3, the symptoms of pellagra occur.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is a coenzyme that can transfer electrons and hydrogen. It is involved in numerous reactions in the cell metabolism and is formed from vitamin B3 (nicoic acid amide or niacin).

Norepinephrine, also known as norepinephrine, is a hormone and neurotransmitter with the molecular formula C8H11NO3. It is part of the vegetative nervous system and has a stimulating, invigorating effect, which is why it is widely used as a medicine

Nucleases are enzymes whose function is to break down nucleic acids such as ribonucleic acid or deoxyribonucleic acid. This is referred to as complete or partial digestion of the substrate.

Digestive enzymes are enzymes that are responsible for breaking down food. They process long-chain molecules into short-chain molecules so that they can be used for the metabolism. Most of the digestive enzymes are in the pancreas

From the inactive protein prothrombin, the coagulation factor thrombin is formed in a biosynthesis. Thrombines convert fibrinogens into fibrin and thus realize the last step in the coagulation cascade. Leads to genetic prothrombin mutations

Phosphorus is an important mineral that is found in almost all foods. It fulfills a multitude of functions in the human organism.